Mini strokes or TIA’s are the result of blockage of blood flow to the brain. These warning signs occur mainly in ischemic episodes. When one occurs, the body quickly sends out tPA to dissolve the clot. While a patient may experience symptoms, no damage to brain tissue occurs. However, a TIA is a warning signal that a stroke is on its way, so medical assistance should be sought immediately. Although ischemic and hemorrhagic are completely different episodes, they both carry the same symptoms and inclinations.

The complete blockage of an artery resulting in restricted blood flow is an ischemic episode. When ischemia occurs, the result is cell death and loss of functionality in the extremities including the face.

The formation of these blood clots can also be caused by atrial fibrillation, previous heart attack, heart valve diseases, some STDs, cardiovascular disease and Cerebrovascular disease.

Narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup, which leads to clots forming, is a common factor in ischemic events. Cells and other debris stick to cracks in the plaque.

Blood clots are the body’s way of protecting itself from injury. If bleeding is present, a clot is formed to stop it. If the bleeding continues, other serious complications can occur.

Many times, the body is able to dissolve the clot itself by releasing an enzyme called plasmin, and then phagocytes (white blood cells that engulf waste matter) come along and clean up the debris left behind.

Decreased blood flow to the brain leads to signs and symptoms of confusion, sudden headache, loss of balance, and difficulty speaking. The symptoms appear for only minutes then soon disappear, and the victim suffers no brain damage. It is still advisable to get emergency help as a TIA is a warning that a major stoke is on the way. The goal of treatment at this point is to restore blood flow to the brain and prevent further damage.

In order for certain medications to work properly, they must be administered within three hours of the onset of symptoms. Hence, time is of the essence. If more time has elapsed before treatment can be given, the patient is likely to experience severe, irreversible damage. This is why it is crucial for everyone to know and recognize the signs and symptoms of a stroke.

Mini stroke can come on suddenly. There is no warning because the TIA itself serves as a warning of a major ischemic episode. A major stroke usually happens within a year of a mini stroke; however, this can be avoided and prevented with appropriate treatment. Your doctor can perform tests to determine your risk for more serious complications if you seek medical treatment at the first sign or symptom of a mini stroke.